Nurbek ALDAYAROV

Article | 2023 | Frontiers in Veterinary Science10

Aspergillosis is a severe fungal disease that affects all species and ages of poultry and leads to significant economic losses within the poultry industry. The economic significance of aspergillosis is associated with direct losses due to poultry mortality, a decline in the production of meat and eggs, feed conversion, and poor growth of recovering poultry. Although a decrease in the production of poultry meat and eggs in Kazakhstan due to this fungal disease has been widely reported, studies on the consequent financial losses on affected farms (households) have not been carried out. This study aimed to estimate the financial losses . . . and epidemiological parameters of avian aspergillosis among households affected by the disease in the Almaty region. To achieve the objectives of the research, a survey was conducted involving affected households from February 2018 to July 2019. The affected poultry were diagnosed based on clinical, macroscopical, and microscopical procedures, and once the infection was confirmed, household owners were interviewed. Data were collected from 183 household owners. The median incidence risk and fatality rates were 39 and 26 in chickens, 42 and 22 in turkeys, and 37 and 33 in geese, respectively, with young poultry having a higher incidence risk and fatality rate than adults. Approximately 92.4 of the household owners treated the affected poultry using natural folk methods and 7.6 of household owners used antifungal drugs and antibiotics, spending a median of US 35.20 (min US 0; max US 400) per household throughout the course of the infection. Egg production was reduced by a median of 58.3 when households were affected. The price of poultry fell by a median of 48.6 immediately after recovery due to weight loss. The median of the overall financial losses of households was US 198.50 (min US 11; max US 1,269). The majority of household owners (65) did not replace their poultry, 9.8 of household owners replaced all their poultry, and the remaining 25.1 replaced only a proportion of the poultry lost at the time of the study. Newly acquired poultry were purchased from neighbors (10.9), fellow villagers (50), and state poultry farms (39.1). This study demonstrates that aspergillosis has an immediate impact on subsistence household owners' livelihoods in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. Keywords: epidemiological characteristics; financial losses; households; poultry; aspergillosis; Kazakhsta More less

İsmail ŞEN

Review | 2021 | Frontiers in Veterinary Science7

Optimal fluid therapy protocols in neonatal calves and adult cattle are based on consideration of signalment, history, and physical examination findings, and individually tailored whenever laboratory analysis is available. Measurement of the magnitude of eye recession, duration of skin tenting in the lateral neck region, and urine specific gravity by refractometry provide the best estimates of hydration status in calves and cattle. Intravenous and oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are frequently administered to critically ill calves and adult cattle. Application of physicochemical principles indicates that 0.9% NaCl, Ringer